Why don't Americans want China to develop technology and economy?

Introduction

The rivalry between the United States and China in technology and economic spheres has become a focal point of global attention. While Americans cite national security concerns and economic competition as reasons to limit China's technological development, China sees it as a path to national rejuvenation and sovereignty. Understanding these perspectives, along with those of other nations, is crucial for navigating the complex dynamics of the global economy.

Before moving on, the intention of this article is not to engage in a political debate but rather to provide an objective analysis of the perspectives of US, China and common people; and this article is made with the help of John Dawnes (PHD in English Communication from University of Oxford, United Kingdom), Suhani Singh(PHD in Geopolitics and Connectivity form University of Groningen, Netherlands) and Noah Kleij (MSc International Relations and Diplomacy from Leiden University, Netherlands).

Escalating Tensions between United States and China

In the recent years, the relations between US and the PRC are at an all-time low right now. The PRC has done many advancements in the past decade and now has a technology level of 0.83 comparable to US's 0.87."China's growing influence can damage our industries" lamented a news reporter, reflecting the sentiments of many US officials and experts. There are 3 main reasons for these escalating tensions:

1. Trade War: The US has accused PRC of unfair trade practices, including intellectual property theft, forced technology transfer, and subsidizing domestic industries, which have led to significant trade imbalances. Conversely, PRC retaliates by decrying US tariffs and trade barriers as unjust and advantageous.
   
   
2. Technological Competition: The US has imposed restrictions on Chinese technology companies, such as Huawei and TikTok, citing national security concerns. And China restricts the use of Tesla's near Beijing, Shanghai, and other Metropolitan cities.
   
   
3. Supply Chain Concerns: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted vulnerabilities in global supply chains, prompting both countries to reassess their dependence on each other for essential goods and technologies. Efforts to decouple supply chains and promote domestic manufacturing have further exacerbated tensions.

These tensions have led to widespread hate against Chinese goods in US and the Chinese people not using American goods. The repercussions of this rivalry are felt not only domestically but also globally, as other countries navigate the implications of a divided world order dominated by the US-China rivalry.

Importance of a non-partisan perspective

Imagine you're trying to understand a debate between two people about the best pizza topping. One says pineapple, while the other stands by pepperoni. Now, imagine if you were the mediator, trying to make sense of it all without taking sides. 

That's kinda what being non-partisan is all about – staying neutral and looking at things from a balanced viewpoint. In a more formal sense, being non-partisan means avoiding bias or favoritism towards any particular side or ideology. 

It's like being the referee in a game – you gotta call the shots based on the rules, not personal preferences. Now, why is this important? Well, think about it: in a world where everyone's got their own opinions and agendas, having someone who can see the big picture without being swayed by biases is like a breath of fresh air. It helps keep discussions fair and balanced, fostering understanding and cooperation even in the most contentious debates. 

From China's perspective, they're all about national rejuvenation and reclaiming their status as a global powerhouse. They see technological development as their ticket to greatness, lifting millions out of poverty and asserting their sovereignty on the world stage. A non-partisan approach helps us appreciate their aspirations without dismissing them as mere competition.

Now, flip the coin to the US. They've been the top dog in tech and economics for a while now, and they want to keep it that way. From their viewpoint, concerns about national security, fair trade, and protecting American jobs are front and center. By taking a non-partisan stance, we can understand their fears and motivations without brushing them off as mere paranoia. 

But hey, it's not just about China and the US. Other nations have a stake in this too. Take, for example, a country caught in the crossfire of this economic tug-of-war. They're trying to balance economic opportunities with the risk of being dragged into a US-China showdown.

Now, we would want to carefully analyse each of these and then rationally pick the side or perspective which you think is correct. Remember that no one is wrong or right, it is what we think or our past experiences which make us partisan. If you want to move further, forget from which country you are, or your patriotism. Think from multiple perspectives and then take a rationale step. Remember this not only for this debate, but, for your life also, your country's politics also or when choosing your vote.

American Perspective

National Security Concerns

China's growing technical might puts the United States at a critical crossroads in the quickly changing global technology and innovation scene as it struggles to address growing national security issues. The present discourse explores the complex aspects of American concerns, concentrating on two principal ones: the threat of technological espionage and intellectual property theft, and the possibility of China surpassing the United States in critical technological domains, consequently yielding significant economic and geopolitical consequences.

Technological Espionage and Intellectual Property Theft:

The prevalent concern of technical espionage and the covert exfiltration of intellectual property (IP) by Chinese actors is the central source of American fears. Concerns have been raised by the scope and complexity of Chinese cyber operations in U.S. government agencies, tech companies, and academic institutions. The seriousness of the danger is demonstrated by events like the well-known 2015 data breach at the U.S. Office of Personnel Management, which was ascribed to Chinese state-sponsored hackers. The theft of confidential information not only compromises national security but also erodes American companies' competitive edge, making it more difficult for them to innovate and prosper in the international market.

Furthermore, U.S. fears are heightened by China's execution of programs like the Made in China 2025 project, which aims to achieve dominance in vital areas including biotechnology, electronics, and artificial intelligence. This ambitious plan's blueprint describes a methodical approach to obtaining, absorbing, and indigenousizing foreign technologies—often using coercive tactics or illegal activities. For example, tensions between the two economic heavyweights have been heightened by claims of coerced technology transfers in China as a requirement for market access, which has led to charges of unfair trade practices and intellectual property infringement.

The Potential for Technological Hegemony

In addition to the ongoing threats of espionage and intellectual property theft, American leaders are increasingly concerned about the possibility of China catching up with the US in key technological areas. The specter of Chinese technological hegemony looms large, with China dominating emerging fields such as 5G telecommunications and quantum computing, as well as advanced manufacturing. Such a shift in the global geopolitical balance of power could put the US in a weaker position and reduce its influence on the global stage. 

With China investing heavily in R&D, talent acquisition, and government-led initiatives, it is clear that the country is determined to become a global leader in innovation. The country's relentless pursuit of technological breakthroughs, such as the lunar landing and advanced surveillance systems, is a testament to its determination to become a leader in innovation. This trajectory has serious economic, security, and strategic implications for the U.S., and calls for a coordinated response to protect America's technological superiority.

Economic Competition between the United States and China

The economic competition between the United States and China has become increasingly intense in recent years, fueled by their status as the world's two largest economies. Both nations vie for dominance in various industries, including technology, manufacturing, and trade, amidst a backdrop of geopolitical tensions and strategic rivalry.

Understanding the threats posed to American jobs and industries, as well as allegations of unfair trade practices, is of paramount importance. The implications of this competition extend far beyond economic considerations, affecting national security, geopolitical influence, and the well-being of citizens. By delving into these issues, we can grasp the complexities of the U.S.-China economic relationship and explore potential avenues for addressing challenges while fostering sustainable economic growth and global cooperation.

Threat to American Jobs and Industries

A. Outsourcing

Outsourcing, particularly to countries like China with lower labor costs, has been a significant trend in the American economy over the past few decades. This practice involves companies relocating certain operations or production processes abroad to take advantage of cheaper labor, reduced regulatory burdens, and other cost-saving factors. While outsourcing offers benefits such as cost efficiency and access to global markets, it also presents challenges and threats to American jobs and industries.

1. Explanation of Outsourcing to China

The primary driver behind outsourcing to China is the substantial disparity in labor costs between the United States and China. Chinese labor costs are considerably lower due to factors such as a large workforce, lower wages, and less stringent labor regulations compared to those in the U.S. Additionally, China's rapid industrialization and infrastructure development have created an attractive environment for foreign investment, further incentivizing companies to outsource production to the country.

2. Impact on Various Sectors

Outsourcing to China has had a profound impact on various sectors of the American economy, including manufacturing and technology. In the manufacturing sector, many American companies have shifted production processes to China to reduce production costs and remain competitive in global markets. This has led to a decline in domestic manufacturing jobs and a shift towards service-oriented industries in the U.S. Similarly, in the technology sector, outsourcing of software development, customer support, and other functions to China has become common, affecting job opportunities for American tech workers.

3. Statistics and Case Studies

Statistics and case studies provide concrete evidence of the extent of job loss and industry decline resulting from outsourcing to China. For example, according to the Economic Policy Institute, the U.S. lost over 3.2 million jobs to China between 2001 and 2013, primarily in manufacturing. This loss represents a significant portion of the decline in manufacturing employment during that period. Case studies of individual companies that have outsourced production to China further highlight the impact on American workers and communities. For instance, the closure of manufacturing plants in the U.S. and the subsequent layoffs of workers due to outsourcing have had devastating effects on local economies, leading to unemployment, poverty, and social upheaval.

In addition to job loss, outsourcing to China also raises concerns about the loss of critical skills and capabilities in the American workforce. As companies move production offshore, they may also transfer technology, know-how, and intellectual property to foreign partners, potentially eroding America's competitive advantage in key industries.

Competition from Chinese Companies

The rise of Chinese companies in global markets represents a significant challenge to American firms, posing competition across various industries traditionally dominated by American counterparts. This phenomenon has far-reaching implications for American businesses, employment opportunities, and the overall economic landscape.

1. Rise of Chinese Companies in Global Markets

Chinese companies have rapidly expanded their presence in global markets, propelled by factors such as government support, investment in research and development, and access to vast domestic markets. As a result, many Chinese firms have emerged as formidable competitors to American counterparts, challenging their market share and disrupting established industry dynamics. Chinese companies have demonstrated remarkable agility and innovation, leveraging their competitive advantages to penetrate international markets and gain traction against established players.

2. Examples of Chinese Companies Expanding Their Presence

Examples abound of Chinese companies expanding their presence in industries traditionally dominated by American firms. In the technology sector, companies like Huawei and Xiaomi have become global leaders in telecommunications equipment and consumer electronics, respectively, posing stiff competition to American giants like Apple and Cisco. In e-commerce, Alibaba has emerged as a dominant player, rivalling Amazon in both domestic and international markets. Additionally, Chinese firms like Tencent and Baidu have made significant inroads in areas such as internet services, artificial intelligence, and fintech, challenging the dominance of American tech giants like Google and Facebook.

Beyond technology, Chinese companies have also made substantial investments in sectors such as automotive, renewable energy, and infrastructure. For instance, electric vehicle manufacturers like BYD and NIO are gaining traction in global markets, while companies like CRRC Corporation are becoming major players in the railway industry. In renewable energy, Chinese firms lead the world in solar panel production, posing competition to American solar companies.

3. Impact on American Businesses and Employment Opportunities

The rise of Chinese companies presents both challenges and opportunities for American businesses and employment opportunities. On one hand, increased competition from Chinese firms can put pressure on American companies, forcing them to innovate, improve efficiency, and adapt to changing market dynamics. This competitive pressure can drive productivity gains and foster innovation in the long run.

On the other hand, competition from Chinese companies can also lead to job displacement and industry restructuring in certain sectors. American businesses may face pricing pressures and margin erosion as Chinese competitors offer lower-cost alternatives. This can result in job losses, particularly in industries where Chinese firms gain a significant competitive advantage.

Moreover, the competitive threat posed by Chinese companies may impact American firms' ability to attract investment and talent, as investors and skilled workers may be drawn to opportunities in China and other emerging markets. Additionally, concerns about intellectual property theft, unfair trade practices, and geopolitical tensions between the U.S. and China further complicate the competitive landscape for American businesses.

Navigating Ideological Fault Lines

China's authoritarian regime under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) presents a fundamental challenge to liberal democratic principles espoused by Western nations. Several key concerns arise:

1. Lack of Political Pluralism: China's one-party system suppresses political dissent and opposition, limiting citizens' ability to participate in meaningful political processes. The absence of competitive elections undermines the principles of political pluralism and accountability.
2. Human Rights Abuses: The Chinese government's track record on human rights is marred by allegations of censorship, arbitrary detention, religious persecution, and suppression of ethnic minorities, notably in regions like Xinjiang and Tibet. The lack of independent judiciary and freedom of expression further exacerbates these concerns.
3. Surveillance State: China's extensive surveillance apparatus, including facial recognition technology and social credit systems, raises serious privacy and civil liberties concerns. The state's pervasive monitoring of citizens' activities infringes upon individual freedoms and autonomy.
4. Suppression of Dissent: The crackdown on civil society, independent media, and online discourse stifles freedom of expression and undermines basic democratic rights. Activists, journalists, and critics of the regime face harassment, imprisonment, and censorship, creating a climate of fear and self-censorship.

Implications for Global Governance and Human Rights

China's authoritarian governance model has significant implications for global governance and human rights, including:

1. Undermining Democratic Norms: China's growing influence in international forums and its promotion of alternative governance models challenge the primacy of liberal democratic values in shaping global norms and institutions. The CCP's narrative of "China model" as a viable alternative to Western democracy resonates with authoritarian regimes and weakens efforts to promote democracy and human rights worldwide.
2. Erosion of Normative Standards: China's assertiveness in defending its sovereignty and rejecting international criticism of its human rights record undermines efforts to establish universal norms and standards for human rights protection. The Chinese government's emphasis on non-interference in domestic affairs emboldens other authoritarian regimes to resist external pressure and evade accountability for human rights violations.
3. Diminished Civil Society Space: China's growing influence in international organizations and its engagement with developing countries often comes at the expense of civil society participation and human rights advocacy. The CCP's emphasis on state-led development and its aversion to independent NGOs constrain opportunities for grassroots activism and civic engagement within China and beyond.

Apprehension Regarding China's Expanding Influence in International Organizations

China's expanding influence in international organizations raises concerns about its impact on democratic values and norms of governance:

1. Capture of International Institutions: China's increasing financial contributions and strategic alliances enable it to exert greater influence within international organizations, shaping agendas, policies, and decision-making processes to advance its own interests. The growing presence of Chinese nationals in key leadership positions further consolidates Beijing's influence and dilutes the influence of liberal democracies.
2. Normative Contestation: China's participation in international organizations often entails contestation over normative principles such as human rights, rule of law, and freedom of expression. The CCP's efforts to promote a "China-centric" vision of global governance challenge Western-led initiatives and weaken consensus on universal values, leading to tensions and ideological divisions within multilateral institutions.
3. Subversion of Democratic Norms: China's support for authoritarian regimes and its resistance to international scrutiny of human rights abuses undermine efforts to uphold democratic norms and principles of accountability within international organizations. The CCP's emphasis on state sovereignty and non-intervention emboldens autocratic leaders to resist external pressure and perpetuate human rights violations with impunity.

Chinese Perspective

The Chinese perspective on technological development and economic advancement is deeply rooted in the nation's history, culture, and aspirations for national rejuvenation. To understand China's approach to reclaiming its status as a global powerhouse in technology and economy, it's crucial to delve into the historical context and the significance of technological innovation in China's quest for greatness.

Historical Context

China, historically known as a center of innovation and technological advancement, has a legacy dating back thousands of years. Ancient Chinese civilization made remarkable contributions to various fields such as agriculture, engineering, medicine, and astronomy. Innovations such as papermaking, gunpowder, and the compass revolutionized global trade, science, and warfare, shaping the course of human history.

However, China's technological superiority gradually waned during the Ming and Qing dynasties, coinciding with the rise of Western powers during the Industrial Revolution. This period of decline led to what Chinese historians refer to as the "Century of Humiliation," characterized by foreign invasions, unequal treaties, and economic exploitation.

The memory of this era of humiliation continues to influence China's modern quest for national rejuvenation. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP), under the leadership of figures like Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping, embarked on ambitious plans for economic and technological modernization to restore China's former glory.

Emphasis on Technological Innovation

For China, technological innovation serves as a means of achieving national greatness and overcoming past humiliations. The government has launched various initiatives and policies aimed at fostering innovation and advancing key technological sectors.

a. Made in China 2025: One of the most prominent initiatives is "Made in China 2025," announced in 2015. This ambitious plan outlines China's vision to become a global leader in advanced manufacturing, high-tech industries, and strategic emerging sectors such as artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, and biotechnology. The goal is to reduce China's reliance on foreign technology and achieve self-sufficiency in key industries.

   

b. Belt and Road Initiative (BRI): China's Belt and Road Initiative, launched in 2013, is another cornerstone of its economic strategy. By investing in infrastructure projects across Asia, Africa, and Europe, China aims to enhance connectivity, promote trade, and expand its geopolitical influence. The BRI facilitates technology transfer, knowledge exchange, and collaboration with partner countries, furthering China's goal of becoming a global technological powerhouse.

c. Innovation-Driven Development Strategy: Under President Xi Jinping, China has emphasized the importance of innovation-driven development as a key driver of economic growth. Policies such as the "Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation" campaign encourage grassroots innovation and entrepreneurship, fostering a culture of creativity and risk-taking.

d. Technological Self-Reliance: In light of escalating tensions with the United States and concerns about access to critical technologies, China has prioritized efforts to achieve technological self-reliance. The government has invested heavily in research and development (R&D), established national laboratories, and implemented policies to protect domestic industries and intellectual property.

e. Global Leadership in Emerging Technologies: China has made significant strides in emerging technologies such as 5G, quantum computing, and renewable energy. Companies like Huawei, Alibaba, and Tencent are at the forefront of innovation, competing with Western counterparts for global market share and influence.

Finally, Public Opinion

1. Kanthaswamy Balasubramaniam

This is the Iphone 15

It costs ₹1.5 Lakhs in India and around $ 1500 in most countries on an average

Say tomorrow someone creates an equally good phone of equally good quality and offers it for $ 600

It's evident that the Average consumer will go for the lower cost option because HE IS NOT A FOOL

That is exactly what China brings to the table with its Technological Progress

China can create the same or better quality product at a lower retail price and soon OUTPRICE the West from any fair & neutral market

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It started with things the West couldn't care less about

Textiles, Pencils, Stationery, Low Grade Machines, Belt Buckles, Buttons, Sports Equipment and Toys

Then it moved to Electronics

Then to Computational Devices

Its been going on for sometime now

It extended to TRAINS

China has cornered the market for Train Bodies, Engines, Fiber Plastics , Carbon Fibre and Electrified Tracks and the cost per Km is 35% cheaper than Japan and 60% cheaper than Europe

To Aerospace Materials

China first began producing for itself. Now it has begun selling to Egypt, Russia, Belarus and even Teeny Tiny Singapore. Heat Shields, Propellant Cladding, Guidance Engineering Consoles all for 50% the price charged by Europe & USA

To Green Energy

To Electric Vehicles

Everywhere China has created it's own supply chain and a niche for its products at a lower cost beating the US in a competition and ensuring US Products are TOO PRICEY FOR THEIR VALUE

Now the BIGGEST FEAR for the US is in the area of Defence!!!

China was once projected to be the largest market for Defence imports in 1999 by the Pentagon

Nobody in their WILDEST DREAMS could imagine China would one day, especially 20 years later be almost entirely self sufficient and produce weapons of global quality

In fact in 1999,it was estimated that INDIA would develop a Weapons Chain of its own by the Pentagon especially after the 1998 Pokhran Test and after APJ Abdul Kalams visionary speech on 1/1/1999

Today China develops its own weapons and has a near full supply Chain

China makes everything from Fighters to Drones to Artillery Guns to Hypersonic Missiles to Destroyers

Indigenously for most part and definitely not dependent for anything on the West

And gradually having a MARKET for its defense exports, especially Military Drones

Now of course everyone reads Western Journals and says Chinese products are junk

Yet China always has demonstrations and allows its clients to handle its weapons and most clients come back highly impressed because they are TOP QUALITY

In 2017 - US and Israel were top Military Drone exporters

In 2023 - Its China

Its very likely that sooner rather than later, more and more neutral nations keen on arming themselves would prefer to buy from China at a lower price and similar quality and FAR BETTER FINANCING

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The US has two options

• Keep developing better and better weapons OR

• Keep Throttling China

Sadly US knows it cant endlessly keep producing better and better weapons

China has more researchers, more scientists and a far less SELFISH AND GREEDY Military Industry

For instance from 2018–2023 - US Defence Industries combined spend 3.7% of their Profits for R&D

Chinas Defence Industries have spent - 17%

Almost 6 times more

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Plus Chips!!!!

Today US controls everything needed to make 3/5 nm process Chips

Tomorrow if China manages to indigenously crack the same?

It will flood the world with Chips at a third the cost and that's the end of TSMC and other players like Intel

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Now this is not the first time the US is playing dirty with a nation it regards as a rival

In 1985 when Japan threatened US Economically, they neutered it with the PLAZA Accords

When SE Asia threatened the US with potential independent decisions, they Neutrered them with Asian Financial Crisis

Causing currencies to bloat up and then ensuring their crash with an evil grin

Remember George Soros????

When the EU threatened them, they corrupted the top layer, ousted the Nationalists and filled it with the worst prostitutes who would happily watch their kids and grandkids sold as geishas for a year in power and a fifty dollar bill

CHINA today is the only nation that the US is unable to break

Whatever they try, China outsmarts them

That adds to their rage and fury and they make more mistakes that lowers their credibility

Seven years ago China was the Aggressor with its wolf warrior diplomacy.

Today the Chinese are looked on as the world's only peacemakers

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CHINA is the toughest opponent they have ever come across in their 200+ years of existence

An Opponent who absorbs every blow and comes back fighting and who in return moves all around them confusing their strategy

And that worries them even more

---

Yet they see no way to stop China today

Their Anti China Rhetoric is not working beyond influencing a few Idiot rednecks to vote for Biden or Trump to protect US from China

It's just Economics

China is rising today

I hope India realizes this because India could be the next rising power when China retires if it partners with China

The Alternative is another Western Lackey like it was 200 years ago

2. 

Ezra Erasmus Henry

China has technology the United States does not have. For example high speed rail. China produces transformers for the High Speed. The United States would have develop the technology or get it from China, Japan or South Korea. China is developing Magnetic Levitation Trains. They did not steal any intellectual property. Our economists are too stupid to see importance of high speed rail and magnetic levitation trains. The Chinese are building Nuclear Power Plants. The United States of America has few economists and politicians who back Nuclear Power. Popular opinion is not peer review. Popular opinion is the law of the jungle. China landed a rover on the back side of the moon. They want to mine Helium three. Obama said we don’t need to go back to the moon . We have been there already. This is how backwards Americans are. His Excellency wants to be back on the moon in 5 years. The Democratic Party are now acting like accountants concerning the cost of this. In reality they do not want a space program. So much for congress promoting the Arts and the Sciences.

The United States does not want to see the New Silk Road south of the U.S border. They especially do not want to see the Bering straits linking Asia and the Americas . Secretary of State Pompeo, Vice President Pence, and Bolton do not want China succeeding. They hate the Belt and Road Initiative. So does England, Germany and France. The New Silk Road means no War with Russia and China. Then we have people like Bannon, and senators like Mark Rubio who are demonizing the Chinese. The right wing sees Confucius institutes in America as being a threat to national security.

What China represents is a country that is not going to go with Climate Change. China represents a new approach to creating peace, peace through development. The head nations of E.U France, Germany,and England do not have China’s vision of the world. China lifted 800 million people out of poverty. The British Free trade system says government should not help the poor. They accept poverty;they do not want to take proper actions in peace through development. They say China’s Belt and Road Initiative is a debt trap. This is ironic because the West created a massive debt trap. its called the floating exchange rate. The west will not let there system of homicidal political economy go. Thomas Malthus has arose. He is now a teenage girl named Greta Thunberg. The United States,Germany soon to be a nation of slaves to nature, England and France would love if China wee creating Greta Thunbergs, but the Chinese are not degenerate like the west. Greta Thunberg will destroy any chances of man entering the Nuclear Age, relaunching the Manned space program and developing fusion power. Her handlers and the West want War with China. His excellency Donald Trump does not. But the people behind pushing Russia Gate The British and their minions the McCain faction of the Republican party and the Democratic Party want war with China.

Americans ,the same ones that wants his excellency Donald Trump ousted,want war with China. They are showing their cards,and Canada goes along with this by arresting the CEO of Huawei. America not Trump wants to make sure China does not surpass America. Sadly, China is not Syria,Iraq, Libya, or Afghanistan. China will never be humiliated by the west, but at the same time she wants the world to join the New Silk Road. China cannot be contained. She is the Lafayette for the world while Europe and America are degenerating. Germany is destroying her industrial capacity in her move to go with primitive, barbarous,prehistoric, Captain power approved solar power and windmills.

The United States of America not his Excellency Donald Trump want war with China. All this China bashing is not to the interest of America. It is to the interest of the organizer of the Cold War England. England if we get rid of her meddling in the affairs of the United States, we can take part in the New Silk Road. The focus of the United States should be to join the New Silk road. It should not be be calling themselves thieves in regards to intellectual property. It should end all the false accusations of human rights abuses. It should end all of its nonsense on saying China is colonizing Africa and putting her in a debt Trap. It needs to say we were stupid in not allowing NASA to work with you. The current beef with China is not about suppressing her growth as an economy. It is about making sure the British way, the zero sum game is followed and not the win , win policy.

3. Peter Ole Kvint

It's just to distract from America's decline.

The United States is not capable of preventing the development of other countries.

The Article is completely human written with assistance of some experts like John Dawnes (PHD in English Communication from University of Oxford, United Kingdom), Suhani Singh(PHD in Geopolitics and Connectivity form University of Groningen, Netherlands) and Noah Kleij (MSc International Relations and Diplomacy from Leiden University, Netherlands).

Sources for the American and Chinese Persepectives:

Government websites:

• Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR): [invalid URL removed]

• Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China: http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/

Academic journals:

• Journal of International Business Studies: https://link.springer.com/journal/10899

• China Journal of World Economy: https://academic.oup.com/cje/

• International Studies Quarterly: https://academic.oup.com/isq/

Books:

• Destined for War: Can America and China Escape Thucydides' Trap? by Graham Allison

• Superpower Showdown: How the US and China Are Shaping Our World by Robert Zoellick and John Thornton

• AI Superpowers: China, Silicon Valley, and the New World Order by Kai-Fu Lee

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